The seventh-century Regula cuiusdam ad uirgines (Someone’s Rule for Virgins), which was most likely written by Jonas of Bobbio, the hagiographer of the Irish monk Columbanus, forms an ideal point of departure for writing a new history of the emergence of Western monasticism understood as a history of the individual and collective attempt to pursue eternal salvation.
The book provides a critical edition and translation of the Regula cuiusdam ad uirgines and a roadmap for such a new history revolving around various aspects of monastic discipline, such as the agency of the community, the role of enclosure, authority and obedience, space and boundaries, confession and penance, sleep and silence, excommunication and expulsion.
Summary
The book consists of two sections. The first is a critical edition and translation of the Regula cuiusdam ad uirgines, a seventh-century Frankish monastic rule for nuns, along with the short treatise De accedendo ad Deum, which most likely formed a part of the Regula cuiusdam ad uirgines.
The second section is a study on the transformations and diversification of monastic theology, concepts of communal life and monastic discipline in the early medieval period. It revolves around the Regula cuisudam ad uirgines in its historical and intertextual context.
The study is divided four parts that are related to the four key words of the title of the book (Community, Space, Discipline, and Salvation). Each part consists of a chapter that makes an argument about the place of the Regula cuiusdam ad uirgines in intertextual contexts and a chapter that applies these arguments in a historical inquiry.
Introduction
Section I: Edition and Translation of the Regua cuiusdam ad uirgines
Section II: StudyPart I: Community
revolves around the question to what extent the monastic community can serve as an agent of the collective and individual pursuit of salvation
Chapter 1: Quidam pater – quaedam mater? The Regula cuiusdam ad uirgines and its author
provides a survey of the monastic milieu in which the
Regula cuiusdam ad uirgines was written, discusses potential authors and stakeholders in the monastic foundation that may have been addressed by the Rule and shows on the basis of semantic and stylistic similarities and shared content and ideas that Jonas of Bobbio, the author of the
Vita Columbani, is to be considered the author of the
Regula cuiusdam ad uirgines as well.
Chapter 2: The dying nuns of Faremoutiers: the regula in action
argues that Jonas of Bobbio’s description of the deaths of the nuns of Faremoutiers, which is a part of Book 2 of his
Vita Columbani, and the
Regula cuiusdam ad uirgines represent the same monastic program, once presented as a "narrated rule", once as a normative text. The Faremoutiers episodes are closely modelled after Book 4 of the
Dialogi of Gregory the Great and can be read as a critical response to Gregory’s eschatology and his notion of pursuing salvation by living a virtuous life. After having fleshed out the parallels and differences between the
Dialogi and the Faremoutiers miracles, the chapter analyzes each episode of the Faremoutiers miracles, showing that Jonas wrote his monastic program in a highly sophisticated manner into stories describing the deaths occurring in the founding generation of nuns in Faremoutiers – deaths that were most likely still remembered by the primary audience of the
Vita Columbani.
Part II: Space
discusses the role of space and boundaries for the monastic pursuit of salvation and explores the origins of the medieval cloister
Chapter 3 The Regula cuiusdam ad uirgines, a supplement to Caesarius’ Rule for Nuns?
compares the provisions of Caesarius of Arles’ Rule for Nuns with the
Regula cuisudam ad uirgines and argues that Jonas wrote his Rule as an expansion and revision of Caesarius work: an "early medieval" update of a "late antique" monastic program, as it were.
Chapter 4: Enclosure re-opened: Caesarius, Jonas, and the invention of sacred space
discusses the evolution of Caesarius of Arles’ notion of enclosure as salvific instrument and then shows how Jonas of Bobbio tried to face the aporias of Caeasarius’ theology of enclosure by expanding it towards a system of total control of all physical, social and corporeal boundaries and the implementation of various enclosures.
Part III: Discipline provides a historical survey of the evolution of various aspects of monastic discipline in early medieval monastic rules leading to the Regula cuiusdam ad uirgines.
Chapter 5: The Regula Benedicti in seventh-century Francia
explores the role of the
Regula Benedicti in Frankish monasticism in the aftermath of Columbanus and shows how Jonas used and revised the
Regula Benedicti and refuted some of his main theological premises.
Chapter 6: The Regula cuiusdam ad uirgines and its context
describes the history of the topics addressed in each chapter of the
Regula cuiusdam ad uirgines and provides a detailed commentary to the Rule itself, showing how Jonas rewrote the
Regula Benedicti. I discuss every chapter of the Rule but put a special emphasis on the following topics: abbatial authority, hierarchy, boundaries, love, confession, silence, work, sleep, excommunication, and family ties.
Part IV: Salvation
focusses on the short treatise
De accedendo ad Deum which provides a unique theological rationale why monastic discipline enables monks and nuns to pray effectively and to attain eternal salvation.
Chapter 7: De accedendo ad Deum – a lost chapter of the Regula cuiusdam ad uirgines?
shows that
De accedendo was most likely a lost chapter of the
Regula cuiusdam ad uirgines and thus written by Jonas of Bobbio as well.
Chapter 8: Prompto corde orandum: the theological program of De accedendo
analyzes the theological argument that monastic discipline enable a nun or monk to approach God through prayer, which forms one of the most sophisticated early medieval responses to the challenge of the doctrine of prevenient grace and the "semi-Pelagian" debate.
De accedendo essentially explains how the monastic pursuit of salvation works.
Conclusion
Three appendices provide textual evidence for ascribing the
Regula cuiusdam ad uirgines to Jonas of Bobbio and to document the reception of the
Regula cuiusdam ad uirgines in the eighth-century
Life of Bertila.
Bibliography of manuscripts, sources, and literature
Index uerborum