This book challenges long-held assumptions over New Rome’s meteoric growth in ecclesiastical standing, offering in their place a fundamentally different reading of the early Constantinopolitan episcopate during the two landmark councils of 381 and 451 and the seven tumultuous decades between them.

This book examines the heretofore-unstudied role of the French province of Burgundy in the ‘traditional’ era of the crusades, from 1095–c.1220.

The current volume presents ten different studies dealing with the final stages of Hebrew book art production in medieval Iberia.