An essay collection investigating where, who, and what was envisioned as North in the Premodern era.

Zachary B. Smith reads the Apophthegmata Patrum in the philosophical and political contexts of late antique Palestine. He explores how the compiler asserts monastic autonomy from ecclesiastics by incorporating classical and late antique philosophical categories, and by selectively presenting problematic interactions between monks and ecclesiastics.

A major new contribution to the study and understanding of the soundscapes of the early modern city.