This book provides for the first time a survey of the important features of educational activities and structures in various Islamicate societies between 800 and 1700 with regard to the mathematical and occult sciences, medicine, and natural philosophy.

Focuses on conflict in village communities of late medieval Drenthe in order to depict a typical peasant society in late medieval Europe.

The writings translated in this volume cover the foundational and maturing periods of Victorine Christology during the 1130s to the 1150s when Hugh of St Victor championed the paradigm of the “assumed man” (homo assumptus)and Robert of Melun advanced his Christology into the most comprehensive treatment in the twelfth century.